Michael Martinez

Looking Inside the Sauron Project
Pedo barbarians a minno: Why are there no barbarians in Middle-earth? Are they too mundane for a heroic age or too simple for a complex world?
Hobbitry-in-Armchairs: Philandering Tolkien's Philology: An armchair investigation of tongue-in-cheek or pen-in-hand Biblical passages which might have, could have, would have, never did, and may still be influencing Tolkien preternaturally, posthumorously, or sincerely. In plain English, "As Coroner I must aver I've thoroughly examined her. And she's not only merely dead, she's truly most sincerely dead." Your mileage may vary. Tax, tags, and title are not included. Real Hobbits don't eat cram. This cliched space for rent.
Flying away on a wing and a hair ...: Authoritative new books about Middle-earth are few and far between. Quite often, when a newly published book provides new information about Middle-earth, our long-cherished ideas are challenged and must be re-evaluated.
The French Connection: Why did Tolkien use the word 'corsair' for his pirates? He needed special pirates with a storied history as rich and detailed as Middle-earth itself. And, as with so many other details of Middle-earth, the stories don't just concern the pirates.
Cry 'Havoc!' and Let Slip the Wargs of Fandom!: Suite 101 Article 127 Author: Michael Martinez Published on: December 18, 2002 Peter Jackson's "The Two Towers" brings the "Lord of the Rings" trilogy around the bend. We're in the home stretch now, and as a wondering world begins to judge the second movie with a variety of opinions, the purist in me cries out: Ick. Of course, no one really cares what the purists think. Frankly, I don't, either. It's a good movie. And that is my review. Now for the analysis...
Italian translation of Parma Endorion: Essays on Middle-earth, 3rd edition, has been published as free eBook: As posted from the Xenite.org website: http://www.xenite.org/faqs/lotr_movie/news_0001/594.html March 29, 2005 at 10:50:13
La traduzione italiana del Parma Endorion: Saggi sulla Terra-di-mezzo, 3a edizione, è stata pubblicata come free eBook: Novità dal film “Il signore degli anelli” La traduzione italiana del Parma Endorion: Saggi sulla Terra-di-mezzo, 3a edizione, è stata pubblicata come free eBook. Houston, TX – 30 Marzo 2005 – Parma Endorion: Saggi sulla Terra-di-mezzo, 3a edizione, è stato tradotto in italiano e pubblicato come free eBook Con oltre 800,000 download dalla sua uscita il 5 Gennaio 2002, l’edizione del Parma Endorion in lingua inglese rimane uno dei più popolari eBook di tutti i tempi. Le previsioni originali per il Parma Endorion prospettavano circa 50.000 download in tutto il primo anno. “Abbiamo sorpassato i 50.000 download in quattro mesi.” dichiara l’autore Michael Martinez. “Sono veramente compiaciuto che questo eBook sia andato così bene” aggiunge l’editore Matt Tinaglia. Tinaglia ha riunito i saggi Parma Endorion, ampiamente apprezzati, di Martinez, originalmente pubblicati come un libro Web, con immagini artistiche selezionate realizzate dai fan Rich Sullivan e Anke Eissmann (http://anke.edoras-art.de/). ...
Celeborn Unplugged: Published on: November 11, 2002 Every now and then, someone asks me to speak up for Celeborn. He is, perhaps, the most maligned and misunderstood of Tolkien's characters. Many people consider the silver-haired Lord of Lorien to be oafish or even foolish. Why? Basically because of one sentence uttered by Galadriel...
Real Orcs Don't Do Windows: Suite101 Essay 126 Author: Michael Martinez Published on: November 29, 2002 While doing some research on the Uruk-hai, I came across an interesting fact: there were no Uruk-hai when Tolkien first wrote the chapter which introduced them. He hadn't conceived of them by that point. The original title for the chapter was "An Orc-raid".
Love in the Trees: Suite101 Article 128 Author: Michael Martinez Published on: January 31, 2003 Tom Bombadil and the Ents have buried themselves in little niches and it seems there is no digging them up for new discussion. We should try to change that. The most common question asked about Bombadil is, "Why didn't the Ring affect him?" In reality, that question should be, "Why didn't Bombadil want the Ring." There is a difference. I believe the Ring did affect old Tom, at least to the extent that it roused his curiosity and drew his interest long enough that he had to satisfy himself regarding whether he was still his own master.
And Now for the Other Love Story: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: April 21, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Middle Earth (Imaginary place) -- Miscellanea Back in January I briefly discussed Sam and Rosie's marriage in Love, Middle-earth Style. At the time it seemed there wasn't much to say. Sam goes off on his long adventure, becomes the second-most famous hobbit in Middle-earth, comes back to the Shire and becomes the third most famous hobbit there, and Rosie pops up almost out of nowhere and says, "Okay, Sam, you've sowed your wild oats, it's time to settle down." About the biggest conflict there is the fact Sam hasn't sown any oats (oh, please, let's not go down the Sam and Frodo path, okay?). Who is this Rosie-lass anyway? Why is she important to the story? ...
Snoopy Versus the Lord of the Nazgul: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: April 14, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings -- Miscellanea It hasn't been so long since Charles Schultz bid adieu to his longtime "Peanuts" fans, and sadly he passed away about the time his last comic strip was being published across America. "Peanuts" was one of the most-loved comic strips of all time, and I think it revealed a lot of our own inner fears and strengths. Charlie Brown was the lonesome stranger in his own way, an outcast, but a Good Guy striving to beat the odds. I used to love those "Peanuts" specials, and year after year I waited to find out who the Little Redhaired Girl was, and whether she liked Charlie, and whether Lucy would reform and let Charlie kick that football, and if Schroeder would change his mind about Lucy, and...
Look what they've done to Middle-earth, Ma: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: April 7, 2000 Related Subject(s): Lord of the rings films (2001-2003) , Fantasy films -- Reviews Well, after a week of frantically updating my own LOTR movie news site with graphics sent to the Webmasters by New Line Cinema's official Web site, I spent a hectic two hours in a chat room with dozens of other glazey-eyed Tolkien fans waiting for the official Internet preview to become available on the official LOTR movie Web site.
Speaking of Legolas...: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: March 31, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Legolas (Fictitious character) I decided to set myself a challenge and write something about Legolas which hasn't been said before. There seems to be a lot of curiosity about this Elf. People want to know all sorts of things about him, such as what color was his hair, who was his mother, when was he born, was he at the Battle of Five Armies? ...
Keep the faith, if you can: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: March 24, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters -- Collectibles , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation After long delays I finally received my copies of Toy Vault's Lord of the Nazgul action figures this month. I've been looking forward to this series of action figures (there are three in the set) because even though I've been writing essays for Toy Vault's Middle-earth Toys Web site since late 1998 the Lord of the Nazgul set marks the first time that my work has actually appeared on the packaging, and I get credit, too. Thank you, Toy Vault. ...
It is a dark and stormy movie...: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: March 17, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Film and video adaptations , Lord of the rings films (2001-2003) , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings Instead of researching this week's topic as I should have been doing, I went off and played Webmaster for some strange reason. Of course, I tend to do that just about every week, so here I sit at 1 AM in the morning, technically past my deadline, wondering what the heck I'm going to write which will please you finnicky people this time around. My most popular articles always seem to have something to say about Peter Jackson's movie project. You've heard of him, right? He's the fellow down in New Zealand who got up the gumption to recreate Tolkien's masterpiece for the Big Screen. ...
Are We Ready For Peter Jackson's Aragorn?: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: March 10, 2000 Related Subject(s): Lord of the rings films (2001-2003) , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Characters and characteristics in motion pictures Can you imagine the dilemma Peter Jackson would have if Tolkien had not changed the Hobbit Ranger Trotter into the Dunadan Ranger Aragorn? Who would be the big love interest in the LOTR movies? Would we have to put up with Pearl Took following along behind the Fellowship, steadfastly watching over her beloved Ranger? Instead of Arwen: Warrior Princess jokes, the Internet would be filled with Pearl: Warrior Hobbitess laments. ...
Much ado about Arwen: Elven Princess: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: March 3, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Film and video adaptations , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Lord of the rings films (2001-2003) , Lord of the rings films (2001-2003) Amazingly I find that people are still reeling in shock over the revelations from New Zealand concerning Elrond's only daughter. Liv Tyler has been photographed with pointed ears (hey, no one expected Tolkien Elves to show up on film). Liv Tyler has been photographed carrying a hobbit-dummy on horseback (okay, rescuing Frodo from the Nazgul is a bit of a stretch). Liv Tyler has been seen at the Helm's Deep set (hm...no rumors about her and Viggo have started up yet). ...
Make Room for Dragons: Originally Published on: August 4, 2001. Related Subject(s): Dragons in literature , Middle Earth (Imaginary place) , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters People sometimes ask why there are no dragon stories from the Second Age. In the development of Middle-earth, the Second Age was almost an after-thought, and it didn't really call for dragons, although we have to assume for the sake of the pseudo-history that they were always there, in the background, waiting for an opportunity to make their appearance...
By This Sword, I Rule!: Originally Published on: August 10, 2001. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Fantasy fiction -- History and criticism Robert E. Howard fans should recognize the echo of a Kull story in the sentence, "By this sword, I rule." Howard liked to write about strong, brooding warriors. They might be men in the wild west of America, boxers in the ring, or naive barbarians thundering through the halls of civilizations so ancient even the citizens had forgotten their distant origins. In some ways, Aragorn was a barbarian, at least from a Gondorian perspective. Although raised by Elrond in an Eldarin household, Aragorn was no city boy. And both his father and grandfather had been killed by creatures (Orcs, Trolls respectively) which most city-folk would flee from in abject terror.
The Good, the Bad, and the Outlawed: Originally Published on: August 19, 2001. Related Subject(s): Middle Earth (Imaginary place) , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters It's almost impossible to have a real hero in Middle-earth who has not passed through a period of dispossession and outlawry. But since outlawry is the province of all the villains, too, there must be something in the character of the hero which helps him to achieve redemption. Or, if he does not require redemption, then his outlawry is a moral abridgement of rejection. That is to say, if you're an outlaw under Morgoth's regime, you're not an evil person. You have rejected evil.
It's All in the Family: The Elweans and Ingweans: Originally Published on: August 26, 2001 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Middle Earth (Imaginary place) -- Miscellaneas Nothing is more confusing than trying to figure out who is actually supposed to be in the various family trees, and what their relationships to the three Eldarin kings are. Most people have only read The Lord of the Rings, and that book provides us with so few clues about the Eldarin families that all the cousins, brothers, aunts, and uncles who are named in The Silmarillion arrive as quite a shock. Why weren't these people mentioned in The Lord of the Rings?
It's All in the Family: The Finweans: Originally Published on: August 31, 2001. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Middle Earth (Imaginary place) The central role of Tolkien's mythology is assigned to the family of Finwe, the first King of the Noldor. Unlike the Minyar (Firsts), all of whom migrated to Valinor and became known as the Vanyar, the Tatyar (Seconds) and Nelyar (Thirds) divided themselves into two groups. Those Tatyar who undertook the Great Journey became the Noldor, and Finwe was their leader. Those Nelyar who undertook the Great Journey became the Teleri, and the brethren Elwe and Olwe were their leaders. Hence, Finwe, Elwe, and Olwe were only kings over those members of their clans who followed them on the Great Journey. The remaining Elves, collectively known as the Avari, were ruled by other (unnamed) chieftains...
The Tip of the Iceberg: New Information About Middle-Earth: Originally Published on: September 7, 2001. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Stories, plots, etc. For about a year now, online discussions about Tolkien's world have been peppered -- in a few places -- with references to an obscure essay called "Osanwe-Kenta". The essay was first published in Vinyar Tengwar No. 39, the July 1998 issue of the official journal of the Elvish Linguistic Fellowship, a special interest group of the Mythopoeic Society...
Welcome to the New Middle-Earth, Pilgrim!: Originally Published on: September 14, 2001. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Languages , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Settings. In "The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor", J.R.R. Tolkien added new elements to the complex pseudo-history of Middle-earth. He invented whole histories for words which explained their ancientness for no reason other than to give plausible explanations for why certain landmarks in Gondor possessed the names they had been given...
All the King's Horses and All the King's Men...: Originally Published on: September 24, 2001. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Stories, plots, etc. "Osanwe-Kenta" is an interesting though somewhat confusing essay. Christopher Tolkien believes it was composed at the same time as "Quendi and Eldar" (circa 1959), most of which was published in The War of the Jewels. "Quendi and Eldar" is a collection of short essays providing the etymological development of certain words the Elves used to name themselves and other peoples, or to refer to individuals in some way...
Riding in Carts With Hobbits: Originally Published on: September 30, 2001. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Middle Earth (Imaginary place) , Celts -- Europe -- History. There will probably never be a "Half-days of Thunder" movie, celebrating the wild cart-races between Hobbiton and Bywater. Hobbits by nature are a stay-at-home folk whose wildest risks tend to be along the lines of stealing mushrooms and getting in and out of boats. Sure, the occasional Took goes off to Sea, but until Gandalf enticed Bilbo and Frodo Baggins into wandering around Middle-earth, Hobbits had probably not spent much time outside their own lands for more than a thousand years...
The Sauron Strategies: Footsteps into Failure: Originally Published on: October 13, 2001. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters. Sun Tzu points out the wisdom of the "divide and conquer" strategy, but he also advocated the use of massive, overwhelming, superior force whenever it was available. The art of war is indeed an art, for both sides in any given war have the potential to learn and adapt. One of the notable qualities of Middle-earth history is Sauron's mutability. He alters his strategies...
Introducing Middle-earth Television Entertainment Group...: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: February 25, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Film and video adaptations , Middle Earth (Imaginary place) With all the licensing deals Saul Zaentz (or his marketers) have worked out since the 1970s, I'm surprised there has been no word of any television shows drifting out of Hollywood. If there is any work of fiction which offers more ideas for stories than The Lord of the Rings, I've never heard of it. Tolkien's pseudo-history is filled with interesting characters, events, and places. I can hear the guns cocking even now as the scaffold rises up almost magically in preparation for my hanging. But, come on, people, let's be realistic. If Peter Jackson's movies are the hit everyone expects them to be, you know Middle-earth will be the hottest topic to hit the streets in Los Angeles since, well, since ALL IN THE FAMILY proved to be a hit (I believe it still has the record for producing the most spinoffs of any television series in American entertainment). So here are my pitches. All television networks should make a note of where they saw these ideas first. Out-of-work producers who are looking for The Next Big Thing should send me email. ...
The Sauron Strategies: One War to Win Them All, Except...: Originally Published on: October 19, 2001. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Middle Earth (Imaginary place). In the First Age, Morgoth attempted to overwhelm his Eldarin foes by throwing everything possible at them. Usually, his armies met with mixed success. Even the Nirnaeth Arnoediad proved to be so costly a victory that Morgoth could not fully capitalize on the defeat of the Elven armies and their allies. He seized Hithlum and the March of Maedhros, restored his troops to Dorthonion, and took full control over the upper Vale of Sirion. But the Falas, Nargothrond, Doriath (and Brethil, which was technically a part of Doriath), and Gondolin each had to be dealt with separately...
The Middle-Earth Prophecies: Originally Published on: October 26, 2001. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Middle Earth (Imaginary place). Prophecy plays an important role in the Middle-earth stories. In fact, some people argue that Tolkien must have intended Middle-earth to have a predestined fate or timeline, because it seems like every prophecy mentioned comes true in some fashion. Well, false prophecies do occur in the stories, but they are rare. Or, if they are not false, they are at least unfulfilled...
Trick or Treat? Spooky Middle-Earth: Originally Published on: October 31, 2001. Related Subject(s): Middle Earth (Imaginary place) -- Miscellanea , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation. Most Tolkien fans will immediately recognize September 22 as the birthday of both Bilbo and Frodo Baggins, but their September 22 was not our September 22. Tolkien's offbeat calendar system for the Shire made the Hobbits' September 22 fall on our September 14 (September 13 in a Leap Year). So, for years, you've been toasting Bilbo and Frodo's good health 8 days too late. Halloween is not an especially important date in the Tolkien calendars, either. Our October 31 (All Hallows' Eve) falls on the Hobbits' November 9. By that time, their harvest is way behind them. But Halloween did not really originate in a harvest festival, as some have told the tale. It began as the Celtic festival called Samhain in Irish Gaelic (pronounced SOW-en, despite the "m" in the middle of the word)...
Do Elves Dream of Eclectic Sleep?: Author: Michael Siminski. Published on: November 30, 2001. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Elves -- Fiction , Fantasy fiction. J.R.R. Tolkien devoted a lot of time and thought to determining what it means to be an Elf. He described the Elves in Letter 144 as representing "Men with greatly enhanced aesthetic and creative faculties, greater beauty and longer life, and nobility -- the Elder Children, doomed to fade before the Followers (Men), and to live ultimately only by the thin line of their blood that was mingled with that of Men, among whom it was the only real claim to 'nobility'." But what does all that mean?...
Who's Afraid of the Big, Bad Purists?: Originally Published on: December 19, 2001. Related Subject(s): Lord of the rings : the fellowship of the ring (Motion picture : 2001) , Jackson, Peter, 1961-. I've now seen The Fellowship of the Ring and it seems to me that people just have to see the movie for themselves in order to make up their minds. Unforgiving Tolkien purists will probably be offended. I think they have pretty much painted themselves into that corner. There is no saving grace in the movie for the hardcore fans who have dreaded the release of this picture, and who wish it had never been produced. There are Tolkien purists, however, who (like me) will do their best to separate their feelings for Tolkien's work from their reactions to Peter Jackson's work. I have to admit that it's not easy to watch this movie without thinking, "Well, that was different from the book."...
Legolas, You're Just So Darn...CUTE!: Originally Published on: January 25, 2002. Related Subject(s): Legolas (Fictitious character) , Lord of the rings : the fellowship of the ring (Motion picture : 2001) , Bloom, Orlando, 1977-. Last month I wrote about the movie starring Orlando Bloom. I forget who else appeared in that flick, but in case you missed it, he played an elf named Legolas. Okay, I know who else appeared in the movie. Orlando had a supporting cast and all, but it was his movie. I know this because starting somewhere around December 20, 2001, my email began to explode with anxious queries from young ladies about that gorgeous elf in the movie. One of the oldest articles for the Suite101 Tolkien and Middle-earth topic is Speaking of Legolas.... I wrote that essay in March 2000. Almost 2 years ago. Since December 19, the most favorable reaction to that essay has been something along the lines of a lot of email saying, "Can you write anything else about Legolas?" The least favorable reaction to that essay has been something along the lines of a lot of email saying, "I LOVE LEGOLAS!"...
Et Tu, Faramir?: Originally Published on: February 25, 2002. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Middle Earth (Imaginary place). The one thing even J.R.R. Tolkien could not provide his readers (or himself) was a large corpus of Middle-earth literature, stories and narratives written by the inhabitants of Middle-earth. We have a few poems and songs, enough to tantalize the more avid hunters of esoteric snippets among us, but there is really no attempt to construct a literary tradition for Middle-earth. The Silmarillion source texts are mostly written as Tolkien's own retellings of the older stories...
Mountains on the Left, Ruins on the Right: Originally Published on: March 25, 2002. Related Subject(s): Tolkien Enterprises (U.S.) , Fantasy games , Middle Earth (Imaginary place). The (mostly) gaming oriented journal Other Hands recently announced it would shut down its print publication and refrain from publishing new modules and articles based on Iron Crown Enterprise's Middle-earth Role-Playing game. The capitulation of Other Hands before the Tolkien Enterprises juggernaut was the final gasp of pre-movie Tolkien-inspired fan-designed adventure gaming. Now, there are still various MUDs, MUSHes, and underground modules and impromptu gaming systems floating around out there which owe something to Tolkien's Middle-earth. But Other Hands was different...
And Now, For the Rest of the Poem: Originally Published on: April 25, 2002. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings. It could be said that, but for an obscure thirteenth century manuscript, The Lord of the Rings might never have seen publication. Most people who have expressed something more than a passing fancy sooner or later hear that Tolkien actually pulled The Lord of the Rings from consideration by its eventual publisher, George Allen & Unwin, and submitted the work instead to Milton Waldman at Collins. But what may not be such common knowledge is the fact that Tolkien was enticed back into the George Allen & Unwin camp because of a poem he had written years before, which in turn made use of the word sigaldry. And sigaldry, it turns out, was a word Tolkien had gleaned from a 1200's era manuscript. I have no idea of what manuscript it was, nor even what language the word comes from. It is a lost and forgotten word, except for the fact that Tolkien used it in a relatively minor poem which had a profound impact upon modern literature...
Which parts of Middle-earth will we not see?: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: February 18, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Film and video adaptations , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings , Lord of the rings films (2001-2003) Each week brings new revelations about Peter Jackson's films which cause die-hard Tolkien fans to gasp in shock and clasp their hands tightly over their ears, for many deem each departure from the script of Tolkien's imagination as an unbearable act of sacrilege. They know, in their hearts, that it's impossible for the movies to be faithful to the book. They realize that Tolkien didn't have movies -- let alone movies made according to late 20th century standards -- in mind when he wrote the story. The author patiently weaves his story on a loom larger than the boundaries of computer software, deeper than the pockets of New Line Cinema, and he lavishes exquisite detail upon events which may not even be mentioned in passing. ...
The Men Who Would Be Steward: Originally Published on: May 26, 2002. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Middle Earth (Imaginary place) , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation. Guardianship is the mark of the Stewards of Gondor. They are guardians, wardens, keeping an ancient trust placed in their hands by a family of kings which, at the end of the Third Age, no longer exists. Gondor's Ruling Stewards are a curious example of how authority combined with tradition can produce a subtle irony in power and position. ...
The Other Way 'Round: Originally Published on: June 26, 2002. When The Lord of the Rings was first published, some reviewers apparently decided that "all the good [peoples were] just good, and the bad just bad." In indirect response to such complaints, Tolkien noted to one reader: "...the Elves were not wholly good or in the right" (Letter 154). Indeed, none of his characters were wholly "good" or "evil"; and Elrond acknowledged as much, telling the members of his council that "nothing is evil in the beginning. Even Sauron was not so."...
Middle-Earth Revised, Again: Originally Published on: July 27, 2002 In Letter 187 (dated to approximately April 1956, 20 months after The Fellowship of the Ring was published in August 1954), J.R.R. Tolkien told H. Cotton Minchin "as 'research students' always discover, however long they are allowed, and careful their work and notes, there is always a rush at the end, when the last date suddenly approaches on which their thesis must be presented. So it was with this book, and the maps...." He was speaking, of course, about The Lord of the Rings, and the maps associated with the text. In the course of the letter, Tolkien described parts of the project which had to be abandoned: I am, however, primarily a philologist and to some extent a calligrapher .... And my son after me. To us far and away the most absorbing interest is the Elvish tongues, and the nomenclature based on them; and the alphabets. My plans for the 'specialist volume' were largely linguistic. An index of names was to be produced, which by etymological interpretation would also provide quite a large Elvish vocabulary; this is of course a first requirement. I worked at it for months, and indexed the first two vols. (it was the chief cause of the delay of Vol iii) until it became clear that size and cost were ruinous. Reluctantly also I had to abandon, under pressure from the 'production department', the 'facsimiles' of the three pages of the Book of Mazarbul, burned tattered and blood-stained, which I had spent much time on producing or forging. Without them the opening of Book Two, ch. 5 (which was meant to have the facsimiles and a transcript alongside) is defective, and the Runes of the Appendices unnecessary. Well, two of the facsimile pages (nos. 1 and 3) have now been published in J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator. I have yet to see the second page reproduced. And much material which JRRT had worked on through the years has also been brought forth since 1980, the year in which Christopher Tolkien first published Unfinished Tales. There is now far more information available about Middle-earth, in the form of paintings and doodles, essays and notes, maps, and linguistic analysis, than Tolkien ever dreamed could be possibly published. But what do we have to show for all that? We can research Middle-earth to our hearts' content, but do all these things bring us any closer to realizing what Tolkien had in mind than just The Lord of the Rings itself? A question was recently posed to me which is seldom asked any more: "Which books are considered unimpeachable resources?"...
Who Were the Real Heroes of Middle-Earth?: Author: Michael Martinez. Published on: November 12, 1999. An analysis of how Tolkien's relationship with his wife Edith is metaphorically reflected in the relationships he created for his heroes and heroines. beren, luthien, aragorn, arwen, lord of the rings, middle-earth,tolkien,edith. Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973,Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters,Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings. Probably the most moving story in all the Tolkien legendarium is that of Beren and Luthien. They are the true heroes of Middle-earth, the first and only people among Elves and Men to achieve any palpable result against Morgoth in the ill-fated War of the Silmarils. They are also the only heroes of the First Age to actually be given any significant consideration in the pages of The Lord of the Rings...
Tip-toe Through the Toponymy: Originally Published on: August 28, 2002 A current rage on the Internet seems to be for everyone to find out what their "hobbit name" is. I guess that's like a Love-o-meter, where you type in two people's names and see if they are compatible. Forget staring into each other's eyes, long walks on the beach, and chasing dogs through the local park. Love (and Hobbitdom) lies just a click away from your fingertips. One of the reasons why Tolkien's character names stand out is that they aren't simply a collection of medieval-sounding names, such as many fantasy authors populate their worlds with. Tolkien's names don't just mean something in some particular language. They mean something in a particular context, a context he provided, and which sometimes existed as part of a greater framework...
Something Wicked This Way Comes: Originally Published on: October 6, 2002 The sudden migration of the Halfling clans living in the upper Vales of Anduin across the Misty Mountains, starting in the year T.A. 1050, signaled the arising of the great shadow in southern Greenwood the Great. The Wise could not be sure of whom or what had settled in the forest, but they understood that something which had not previously dwelt there before had become active...
When is a movie not just a movie?: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: February 11, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Racism in literature [Note: This column was written before LucasFilm Ltd. published an official response to the Variety story I indirectly made reference to. See the bottom of this article for a link to the official response -- I've elected to leave the original article intact since so much of its theme depends on the initial report. However, let it suffice to say that LucasFilm Ltd. is denying the story.] I don't really know anything about race issues in New Zealand. Peter Jackson is a Kiwi. A New Zealander. I have read that the Maoris were not always on the best of terms with the Europeans who colonized New Zealand, so I guess there is some history of strife and tension between people of European descent and people of Polynesian descent in the Pacfic Ocean. ...
In search of the online Tolkien community: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: February 4, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Computer network resources , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Electronic discussion groups , Web sites -- Marketing I recently looked at the Web site of an Internet PR expert who helps companies and individuals announce their Web sites. His explanation of his methods answered some questions I've long been asking, such as, whenever a news article/columnist mentions a specific Web site, how does the reporter or columnist find out about the Web site in the first place? Apparently several of these PR experts maintain mailing lists the reporters, editors and columnists subscribe to. They send out brief announcements, like "X has just (re)launched (url address)." The media people take it from there.
Love, Middle-earth Style: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: January 21, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Stories, plots, etc. , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Middle Earth (Imaginary place) One of the most popular stories of Middle-earth is the tale of Beren and Luthien. It's a classic poor-boy falls for rich girl drama combined with high adventure, intrigue, depravity, and magic. There seems to be something for everyone. When the hobbits ask Aragorn to tell them a story the night they are attacked on Weathertop, he chooses to speak of Beren and Luthien. In some ways Aragorn must see himself following in Beren's footsteps. Like his forefather, Aragorn is the rightful lord of a people who are deprived of land and heritage through the misfortunes of war. And like Beren Aragorn meets a beautiful princess in an Elven realm and falls immediately and completely in hopeless love with her. ...
Beorning questions...: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: January 14, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Hobbit One of the most fascinating characters of The Hobbit is Beorn, the grim woodsman who lives alone except for his enchanted animal companions. Beorn was a man, though a bit of a magician according to Tolkien because he could change his skin (become a huge bear). Beorn's origins are clouded in mystery. Gandalf tells Thorin and Company more than one account of Beorn's ancestry, and he is none too clear on which is true. ...
Exploring Tolkien's Fourth Age: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: January 7, 2000 Related Subject(s): Middle Earth (Imaginary place) , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation Many people are curious about how the Fourth Age would have unfolded had Tolkien written much about its history. Unfortunately for curious fans Tolkien felt the wonder of Middle-earth sort of died with Aragorn. After his time "the dynasts descended from Aragorn would become just kings and governors -- like Denethor or worse" (Tolkien, "Letters", p. 344). ...
Tracking Hobbits Through Space...: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: December 31, 1999 Related Subject(s): Murphy, Pat, 1955- . There and back again , Science fiction -- Book reviews Well, okay, they're not exactly hobbits. They're norbits. You know how Terry Brooks rose to fame and fortune by writing The Sword of Shanarra? You remember Bored of the Rings? How about Dennis McKiernan's Iron Tower Trilogy? Well, except for the fact they are all influenced (strongly or weakly) by J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, they have nothing to do with this subject. ...
Have A Happy Hobbit Holiday: Author: Michael Martinez Originally Published on: December 24, 1999 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Holidays -- Miscellanea In Tolkien's imaginary timeline, the War of the Ring occurred around the year 4042 BCE. At that time the Hobbits of the Shire were using a modified version of the King's Reckoning for their Calendar system. Although Tolkien says the Numenoreans were monotheists who worshipped Iluvatar (God) in what would seem a rather primitive (but highly puritan) fashion to us, he doesn't say whether the peoples who lived under their rule were so influenced. Certainly no one in Middle-earth would have been celebrating the holidays we observe in our western culture today. ...
Ranger For Hire: Have Horse, Will Travel: Author: Michael Martinez. Published on: December 17, 1999. Recently people on The White Council: Discussion and FAQs for fans of Tolkien and the Inklings have been wondering where, exactly, Aragorn and his Rangers might have lived. The lifestyle and community of the Rangers is virtually a complete mystery, but these dedicated wanderers managed to watch over Eriador for more than a thousand years after the Fall of Arnor in the Third Age year 1975. Well, technically, the Rangers didn't appear before 1979, the year when Aranarth, the elder son of Arvedui, last King of Arnor, decided not to re-establish his kingdom...
Them Dwarves, Them Dwarves, Part II: Author: Michael Martinez. Published on: November 26, 1999. Most of what we know about Dwarven culture and customs is derived from Tolkien's writings concerning Durin's Folk, the Longbeard Dwarves of Khazad-dum, Erebor, and the Iron Hills. Durin's Folk were possibly the most outgoing of all the Dwarves, interacting with Elves, Men, and Hobbits to one degree or another. The Dwarves of Ered Luin (the Firebeards and Broadbeams) were also closely associated with Elves and probably interacted with Men in the Second and Third Ages as well as the Shire Hobbits in the Third Age, but they seem to have become relatively few in number after the First Age...
Them Dwarves, Them Dwarves!: Author: Michael Martinez. Published on: November 19, 1999. Let's talk about Dwarves. I imagine John Rhys-Davies' portrayal of Gimli will result in quite a few Web site homages to both the actor and the character. Right now I can't find anything really useful for Dwarf research. Oh, there are dozens, perhaps hundreds of Web sites which mention the fact that Dwarves were one of the races of Middle-earth, and they may cite the Appendices in some fashion and rehash what anyone with a complete copy of The Lord of the Rings and maybe even The Silmarillion could easily find out by skimming a few pages...
The Merchants of Middle-earth: Author: Michael Martinez. Published on: November 5, 1999. Every now and then someone asks whether money was used in Middle-earth. It's hard to find evidence of money in The Lord of the Rings but there are some references to it. When Gandalf arrived in Hobbiton with a wagon-load of fireworks for Bilbo and Frodo's last birthday party together, Hobbit children followed him to Bag End hoping for some advance goodies. But instead Bilbo gave away a few pennies and sent the children on their ways. Gaffer Gamgee also notes that Bilbo is free with "his money" while talking with friends in a local inn..
So You Want to Learn Elvish?...: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: October 29, 1999 Lately I've been getting more and more requests for direction to online resources devoted to J.R.R. Tolkien's Elven languages. I don't know if Peter Jackson has incorporated much Elvish into the upcoming movies (it would be neat to hear snippets of Sindarin drifting across the room as the Hobbits wander through Rivendell, or to overhear background conversations in the Sindarin dialect of Lorien as the Fellowship passes time there). Maybe people are hoping to be ready for such eventualities. Maybe they just want to learn Elvish.
How did Tolkien actually portray the Rohirrim?: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: October 22, 1999 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Stories, plots, etc. It appears from my email and comments posted after last week's article that more discussion of the Rohirrim would be appropriate. It is impossible to address the subject fully in this space, and as each essay itself may raise new questions and challenges, there will come a point where I have to say enough and move on...
Tolkien's Middle-earth doesn't look like Medieval Europe: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: October 15, 1999 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Film and video adaptations , Lord of the rings films (2001-2003) -- History and criticism One of the Internet's Great Debates concerns how Middle-earth appears. Usually we ask, "Is Middle-earth medieval?", but the question should really be, "Does Middle-earth look medieval?"
Would Sandra Bullock be a good Mrs. Isildur?: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: October 8, 1999 Related Subject(s): Bullock, Sandra -- Miscellanea , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Film and video adaptations I like Sandra Bullock. I enjoy her movies and her acting style (and her looks -- I'm a guy). I think she can potray a wide variety of characters, and if she has ever blown a role I haven't seen her do it. I guess my favorite role for Sandy is Sally Owens in Practical Magic. Sally is a witch. And not just any kind of witch. She's an everyday kind of witch who wants to be normal. She struggles for normalcy and finally comes to understand she has to be what she is, which can be a blend of what she wants to be and what she must be.
Dear Gandalf ...: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: October 1, 1999 Related Subject(s): Gandalf (Fictitious character) , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters In one of the several essays he wrote about the Istari, J.R.R. Tolkien said, "Among Men they were supposed (at first) by those that had dealings with them to be Men who had acquired lore and arts by long and secret study." This is an interesting observation, as many people often cite a rejected portion of a letter Tolkien wrote in which he felt Men could not gain magic through lore and study (he realized The Lord of the Rings invalidated this point of view and wrote, "But Numenoreans used 'spells' in making swords?" in the margin and he decided against sending that portion of the letter).
Where Are the Aragorn and Arwen Web Sites?: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: September 23, 1999 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings -- Miscellanea , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters Search for the names "Aragorn" and "Arwen" on the Web today and you're likely to come up with a mixture of sites, most of them uninformative or, worse, misinformative. I am astonished at how many Web sites have a section which at least mentions Aragorn but which also attribute the wrong names and titles to him. One of his names was Thengel? That item must have escaped Tolkien's notice.
Hey guys, how's the weather down there?: (Suite 101 Michael Martinez Article) Author: Michael Martinez Published on: September 17, 1999 Related Subject(s): Lord of the rings films (2001-2003) , Motion pictures -- Production and direction -- New Zealand , New Zealand -- Climate As I write this a growing number of the actors and extras are in New Zealand getting ready for primary photography on Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy. Some of the actors expect to be there for 18 months. I sort of wonder how many group photos will come out of this production, and if everyone will be wearing their sunblock in all of them.
Garn, Garn, It's an Orc's life for me!: Word has it that Michel Hurst, best known around the world as Iolaus on Hercules: The Legendary Journeys declined the opportunity to appear as an Orc in Peter Jackson's "Lord of the Rings" movies. That's a shame. I'd have loved to see him bring the gravelly voiced wit and repartee of Charon to Middle-earth. "Hey! What are youse halflings doin' here? We got business witchoo!" Ah well, Michael's a little too busy, they say....
Does Barliman Have a Beard? And Other Important Fannish Issues: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: November 24, 2000 Related Subject(s): Middle Earth (Imaginary place) -- Miscellanea , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Miscellanea Sometimes I think, "All the great questions have been asked and debated." And then someone comes along and asks something new. Or, if it's not new, they ask an old question in a fresh way. One of the latest examples I've run across is "Who slashed the bolsters?" That is, in the chapter "A Knife in the Dark", someone breaks into the Prancing Pony and slashes the bolsters that have been made up look like Frodo's party of Hobbits.
The Wars of the Glorfindels: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: November 17, 2000 Related Subject(s): Glorfindel (Fictitious character) , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters J.R.R. Tolkien created a lot of "throw-off" characters, characters who appear for a story or only part of a story, never to re-emerge fully again. And of all these throw-offs the one which garners nearly as much attention and discussion as any of the primary characters is Glorfindel. Or would that be, the Glorfindels. Was there one or two of the guy? Enquiring minds want to know (or do they just want to argue forever and never actually know?).
If I only had a Bombadil...: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: November 10, 2000 Related Subject(s): Bombadil, Tom (Fictitious character) , Lord of the rings films (2001-2003) , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters I promised the people on Xenite.Org's Middle-earth mailing list that I'd write something about Bombadil this week. So, let me start out by saying that the recent revelation that a second "X-Men" DvD may be produced with extra scenes for the first movie has gotten me to thinking. Maybe Peter Jackson can do a Bombadil segment after all.
And Now It's Time to Say Good-bye...: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: November 3, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Miscellanea , Lord of the rings films (2001-2003) Not to this column, but to the almost daily set reports from the various locations in New Zealand. Peter Jackson's "Lord of the Rings" production is wrapping up location work and in a few more weeks (okay, a couple more months) will finish principal photography completely.
Downloads and Dragons: Look what they've done to Fantasy, ma: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: October 27, 2000 Related Subject(s): Dungeons & dragons (Motion picture : 2000) , Fantasy films -- Reviews , Motion pictures -- Reviews I spent the day trying to download the "Dungeons and Dragons" trailer. After many hours and several restarts and reboots, I finally got my 28 megabytes worth of preview. It was worth not doing anything else I needed to do on the Internet, and the wait.
The Quests of Middle-earth: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: October 20, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Stories, plots, etc. , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Fantasy fiction -- History and criticism I suspect that if one were to ask people at random what one contribution to modern literature and entertainment J.R.R. Tolkien would be most identifiable with, popularizing the quest story would be a very frequent answer (if not necessarily the most frequent one). Quests have been a part of our story-telling since Gilgamesh. Jason and the Argonauts popularized the notion for the Greco-Roman world, and they laid down the basic law of Quest Tales: you start with a humble hero, probably of noble blood, surround him with heroic companions, and send him off to the far corners of the world to achieve great deeds.
Charting the Shire lines: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: October 13, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Middle Earth (Imaginary place) What was so special about the year 1601 that it should be when Hobbits needed to settle in a new home? And where, exactly, did they settle? People often ask a lot of questions about the early years of the Shire which are really hard to answer. For example, did Marcho and Blanco, the Fallohide brothers who led the first wave of migration into the Shire, have a surname? When did surnames become important to the Hobbits? How much do the surnames recorded in The Lord of the Rings reflect the social structure of early Shire clans?
Ferthu Theoden Hal!: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: October 6, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters One tale people seldom discuss is the story of Theoden. That is, people who have read The Lord of the Rings recognize Theoden as the heroic king of Rohan who with the aid of Gandalf recovers from the evil spell Saruman's spy and surrogate, Grima Wormtongue, has woven about him. Theoden seems bent with old age when the reader first sees him, and then Gandalf works a near-miraculous recovery on the king. Theoden rides forth to do battle with his enemies and the enemies of Gondor, and he dies in glory on the Pelennor Fields.
Have you been to Valinor lately?: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: September 29, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Stories, plots, etc. I thought I would depart from the intensive Lord of the Rings scrutiny I've engaged in lately and look at parts of the mythology which have crept into some of Tolkien's other works. Traditionally we assign the Valinorean mythology to The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, The Silmarillion, The Road Goes Ever On, and The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (although the only real aspect of it in the latter is the poem "The Last Ship", about a mortal woman who is invited to sail over sea by some Elves). The Valinor mythology, or myth, is the cycle of half-told tales which tells the "Biblical" portion of Tolkien's grand mythology. But Valinor in some ways stands on its own.
Have Island, Will Rebel: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: September 22, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Stories, plots, etc. Numenor must have seemed a very strange place compared to Middle-earth. The first people to dwell there were Men, not Elves or Dwarves. And there were no Dwarves, or Hobbits, and few Elves (who may have actually "lived" in the huge garden-region of Nisimaldar that they helped to cultivate) for any length of time. Numenor was for all intents and purposes a "Mannish" state and society.
Before the Numenoreans Came: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: September 15, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Silmarillion -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Morgoth's ring -- Criticism and interpretation Things in Middle-earth changed radically as a result of the War of Wrath. The war lasted about 42 years, beginning in the year 545 of the First Age and ending in the year 587. During that time huge parts of Middle-earth -- Beleriand, the far northern lands, the inland sea of Helcar -- were ruined or reshaped. In Morgoth's Ring Christopher Tolkien presents a previously unpublished essay by his father which ponders the motives of the various forces in the Silmarillion.
Seeking the Wayward Children of Numenor: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: September 8, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Middle Earth (Imaginary place) Something should be said about the founding of Arnor and Gondor, but it's not easy to assign the establishment of the Dunadan realms in exile their proper place in the Tolkien legendarium. In letter 276, written to Dick Plotz of the Tolkien Society of America in 1965, JRRT said, "...Of all the mythical or 'archetypal' images this is the one most deeply seated in my imagination, and for many years I had a recurrent Atlantis dream: the stupendous and ineluctable wave advancing from the Sea or over the land, sometimes dark, sometimes green and sunlit."
The Magic of the Minstrels: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: September 1, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Minstrels , Middle Earth (Imaginary place) Two things you won't find any mention of in Tolkien's Middle-earth are clowns and actors. Nor will you find any reference to plays, drama, jugglers, acrobats, or theaters, carnivals, fairs, and circuses.
Razing Arnor: How real were the Dunadan conspiracies?: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: August 25, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Middle Earth (Imaginary place) One of the most intriguing and infuriating points in Tolkien's pseudo-history is the division of Arnor in the Third Age 861 by the three sons of Earendur. Earendur was the last High King of Arnor, technically the last High King of the Dunedain-in-Exile. Analyzing the event leads to many questions and few answers. Tolkien often selected his names carefully, especially when naming characters or places associated with significant events, and it might prove helpful to know what Cardolan and Rhudaur mean, exactly, as well as what Amlaith means.
Is your Canon on the loose?: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: August 11, 2000 Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation Until now I have given only light support to a fannish effort intended to establish a canon for Tolkien discussions. Not the canon, mind you, or the ultimate canon, or the final canon, or even the best canon. Merely a canon. My light support has consisted of granting permission to people to mention the project on The Tolkien and Inklings Forum (formerly The White Council). The real canonical discussion was started over at The Barrowdowns Web site, but it seems (as of this writing) to have stalled. And I think I can understand why it stalled. Part of the problem is that something like this project will take a lot of time, and it's very daunting.
Gil-galad was an Elven-king...: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: August 4, 2000 Related Subject(s): Gil-galad (Fictitious character) , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Characters , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Silmarillion -- Miscellanea And that is where we all agree. Gil-galad's ancestry hasn't yet become a nuclear topic among Tolkien fans, but time will tell if it does. As little information as we have on Tolkien's most famous Noldorin king, people have found reason to write huge editorials about him (and I'm no exception).
The Captains Crazy of Middle-earth: Author: Michael Martinez Published on: July 28, 2000 Related Subject(s): Middle Earth (Imaginary place) -- Miscellanea , Battles -- Fiction I caught part of a promo on the History Channel recently for a series called "Military Blunders". It sounded interesting but as much channel surfing as I do, I don't watch much television. Nonetheless, being a student of history, I'm familiar with many wartime blunders, such as when General Lee's battle plans ended up wrapped around a bundle of cigars that a Yankee soldier found. Or when General Gates took his Continental soldiers up against the British in an open battle and got his pants blown off by the world's best soldiers.
Politics: Just Politics: The conflicts between various Numenorean factions can be portrayed as clashes between conservative and liberal elements. Is there sufficient evidence to deduce what went wrong in Arnor when it was divided into three realms?
Walking With Ents: The one element Tolkien brought to Middle-earth which we cannot reconstruct or substitute through our own endeavors is also the one aspect of his mythology which makes it seem real. Why is Middle-earth special? Because not just anyone can create it. In fact, only one man ever had that special ability, and here is why.
Where in the Wild is Gildor Inglorian?: An Elf and a Ranger were camping out in Eriador one night. As they lay in their blankets, the Elf nudged the Ranger and said, "Look up, my friend, and tell me what you see."...
Returning to the Ring: Six years ago I read an online rumor that someone was working on a "Lord of the Rings" movie. Since then, I've found myself jostling for sanity along with hundreds, even thousands of other writers who have all been swept up in the LoTR craze. And now here I am again, writing the obligatory review.
The Magical Mythical Numenor Tour: In 1964, J.R.R. Tolkien answered one of the Inevitable Questions (readers liked to ask him) for Christopher Bretherton in what became Letter 257. The question is not provided, although it most likely began with something like, "How did you begin ...." But, begin what? In an early paragraph of the letter, Tolkien wrote, "With regard to your question. Not easy to answer, with anything shorter than an autobiography. I began the construction of languages in early boyhood: I am primarily a scientific philologist...."
What a Hobbit Wants: "In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit." One of the most famous opening lines in English literature lays down the law for our perception of the basic hobbit lifestyle: comfort. Hobbits don't live in "nasty, dirty, wet hole(s), filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell". They live in comfortable tunnels "without smoke, with panelled walls, and floors tiled and carpeted, provided with polished chairs, and lots and lots of pegs for hats and coats...."
Waiting for a King Like You: Why did the line of the High Kings of Arnor and Gondor come to an early end with the death of Earendur? Tolkien offers us only one comment on the reasons for the transition from the kingdom of Arnor to the three smaller realms of Arthedain, Cardolan, and Rhudaur. He tells us that "after Earendur owing to dissensions among his sons their kingdom was divided into three...." We are provided no cause for these dissensions. What did the three brothers disagree over? How to raise taxes? Which girl they should marry? When to celebrate the oldest son's coronation? ...(click the "Read more" link for the rest of this essay)...
Count, Count, Weigh, Divide: Originaly Published on: July 30, 2001. Related Subject(s): Omens , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings -- Criticism and interpretation Mene, mene, tekel, upharsin. Count, count, weigh, divide. Those words are familiar to anyone who has studied the Biblical book of Daniel. Belshazzar, son of Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, was having a party when a mysterious finger appeared and traced those words on the wall. When the drunken Babylonians could not decipher the cryptic message, they sent for the aged Daniel, and he told them that their kingdom had been numbered, weighed in the balance, found wanting, and divided between the Medes and the Persians. That night, so the story goes, the Medes and Persians did indeed take the city of Babylon...
Tolkien's Time Machine: When Literary Worlds Collide: Originally Published on: July 22, 2001. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Stories, plots, etc. , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings -- Criticism and interpretation. Although it may seem obvious that Middle-earth is "the world in which J.R.R. Tolkien sets his Elf and Hobbit stories", that is not precisely the case. There are Elf stories which are not part of the world of The Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, and The Silmarillion. I speak of the Elves in The Father Christmas Letters and Smith of Wootton Major. Of course, there are similarities between these worlds. Like a run on bad puns, Tolkien kept resurrecting old ideas and giving them new form. Hence, the Elves help Father Christmas fight off the goblins, and Smith sees Elven warriors returning from strange and foreign wars when he is visiting Faerie. Middle-earth, which Tolkien said is our world in some imaginary time in the past, is distinct from the other worlds.
In Feanor's Footsteps: Originally Published on: July 16, 2001. Related Subject(s): Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation , Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973 -- Stories, plots, etc. The War of Wrath is a mysterious event. The Silmarillion tells us that it occurred some time after the Feanorians destroyed the haven at Arvernien. The War of the Jewels tells us it began in the year 545 of the First Age of the Sun and that the war lasted for 42 years. The account in The Silmarillion, compressed by Christopher Tolkien from earlier texts, says very little. The armies of Morgoth were vanquished in an unspecified number of battles, and then the Host of Valinor approached Angband, only to be driven back by the winged dragons. Eventually, Earendil and the Eagles of Manwe defeated the dragons...

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